Translated as “the gentle way”, judo relies on grappling, sweeping and throwing techniques.

History and Philosophy

Developed in 1882 by a Japanese teacher called Jiguro Kano, Judo combines various ancient jujitsu techniques to form an educational martial art and mental discipline. Jujitsu was widely practiced by samurai and included manoeuvers such as choking, kicking and twisting an opponent's arm. Kano eliminated such rough, dangerous moves and emphasised instead the principles of “maximum efficiency with minimum effort” and “mutual welfare and benefit”.

In the early 1900s it became a compulsory subject in Japanese schools. Kano later went to Europe in 1889 to spread the practice and philosophy of judo. It was only after the end of the Second World War, however, that Judo started to grow in popularity in the United States.

Judo Training

Judo techniques are typically divided into three groups: nagewaza (throwing); katamewaza (choking and holding); and atemiwaza (striking). Most judo techniques depend on the practitioner to yield to an opponent's attack until the right moment to strike back. For example, instead of resisting when shoved by an opponent, the practitioner allows the aggressor to lean forward thereby compromising his balance, so that he can easily be thrown down. Thus, a skilled person can often defeat a heavier, stronger opponent.

Beginners usually start by learning to fall safely and doing exercises to strengthen the muscles used specifically in judo. Only after mastering the art of falling without injury can they progress to learn other techniques such foot sweeps and hip throws. 

Judo practitioners wear pajama-like costumes called a judogi, which consist of a white cotton jacket and trousers and a coloured belt. The color of the belt signifies the level of achievement, with black being the highest level attainable. People learn judo for exercise, relaxation, and self-defence.